Addison s Disease

Addison’s Disease in Dogs (also known as hypoadrenocorticism) is a serious but treatable condition that occurs when a dog’s adrenal glands, located near the kidneys, fail to produce enough essential hormones—mainly cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones help regulate metabolism, stress response, and the balance of salt and water in the body.

The disease can be primary (caused by damage to the adrenal glands, often due to the immune system attacking them) or secondary (caused by a problem in the pituitary gland, which controls the adrenal glands). Addison’s disease can affect dogs of any breed, but it is most common in young to middle-aged female dogs. Breeds such as Standard Poodles, Bearded Collies, Portuguese Water Dogs, and West Highland White Terriers are more prone to it.

Symptoms develop gradually and can be vague, making diagnosis difficult. Common signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, weakness, weight loss, dehydration, and lethargy. Some dogs may collapse suddenly during stress or illness, a life-threatening condition called an Addisonian crisis.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests that measure electrolyte levels and an ACTH stimulation test to check adrenal gland function. Treatment involves hormone replacement therapy, usually with medications like fludrocortisone or DOCP injections for aldosterone replacement, along with prednisone to replace cortisol. Most dogs with Addison’s disease can live normal, healthy lives with proper lifelong medication and regular veterinary monitoring.

Owners should ensure their dogs receive consistent treatment and extra care during stressful situations, as stress increases hormone demand. With early diagnosis and proper management, Addison’s disease can be well-controlled, allowing affected dogs to live full and active lives.