Pemphigus Foliaceus

Pemphigus Foliaceus in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Care

Pemphigus Foliaceus (PF) is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases seen in dogs. This condition occurs when the dog’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own skin cells, particularly those in the outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis). As a result, blisters, scabs, and crusts form on the skin’s surface. 

While any dog can develop PF, it’s often seen in breeds such as:

•  Akitas
•  Chow Chows
•  Cocker Spaniels
•  Dachshunds
• Collies

Dogs affected by Pemphigus Foliaceus usually develop crusty or scaly lesions on areas like the nose, muzzle, ears, footpads, and around the eyes. These lesions can become red, oozing, and painful, making the dog scratch or lick excessively. In some cases, hair loss and secondary bacterial infections may occur, worsening the condition. Over time, the lesions can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.

The exact cause of Pemphigus Foliaceus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be triggered by factors such as genetics, sun exposure, stress, or certain medications. Some antibiotics or topical treatments can also cause the immune system to overreact, leading to PF. Since it’s an autoimmune disorder, it’s not contagious — meaning dogs cannot spread it to other pets or humans.

Diagnosis of Pemphigus Foliaceus usually involves a combination of skin biopsies, blood tests, and microscopic examination to identify immune cell activity in the skin. Once diagnosed, treatment aims to control the immune response. Veterinarians often prescribe immunosuppressive medications like corticosteroids (prednisone) or drugs such as azathioprine or cyclosporine. With proper care, many dogs can live comfortably, although long-term or lifelong treatment may be required.

If your dog shows signs of flaky skin, blisters, or unusual crusts, it’s important to consult a veterinarian early. Maintaining good skin hygiene, minimizing stress, and ensuring a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins can support your dog’s skin health. Early detection and consistent care can greatly improve the quality of life for dogs living with Pemphigus Foliaceus.