Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary Fibrosis 

Pulmonary Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease in dogs that causes scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue. As the lungs become thickened and stiff due to this scarring, it becomes increasingly difficult for the dog to breathe and for oxygen to move efficiently into the bloodstream. Over time, this condition leads to chronic respiratory distress and reduced quality of life. While the exact cause is often unknown, Pulmonary Fibrosis is considered idiopathic in most dogs, meaning it develops without a clear underlying reason.

Dogs suffering from Pulmonary Fibrosis typically show symptoms such as persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, fatigue, and rapid breathing even at rest. Some dogs may have blue-tinged gums or tongue (cyanosis) due to low oxygen levels, and in advanced stages, they may faint after minimal exertion. Since the disease is slowly progressive, early signs are often subtle and may be mistaken for aging or mild respiratory infection.

The exact cause of Pulmonary Fibrosis is still under study, but possible contributing factors include chronic inflammation, environmental irritants, genetic predisposition, and prior respiratory infections. The disease results in irreversible scarring of lung tissue, which means that even though treatments can help manage symptoms, the damage itself cannot be reversed. It is not contagious and cannot be spread between dogs or to humans.

Dog Breeds Commonly Affected by Pulmonary Fibrosis

Although Pulmonary Fibrosis can occur in any breed, it is seen most commonly in certain small and medium-sized breeds, including:

• West Highland White Terriers
• Staffordshire Bull Terriers
• Scottish Terriers
• Cairn Terriers
• Jack Russell Terriers
• Poodles (Miniature and Toy)
• Border Terriers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Beagles
• Shih Tzus

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fibrosis involves chest X-rays, CT scans, lung function tests, and sometimes lung biopsy to confirm scarring. Since there is no cure, treatment focuses on slowing disease progression, easing breathing, and maintaining comfort. Veterinarians may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, or supplemental oxygen therapy. Weight management and limiting strenuous activity are also vital to prevent overexertion and respiratory distress.

While Pulmonary Fibrosis cannot be cured, early detection and supportive care can greatly improve a dog’s comfort and longevity. Regular veterinary checkups, avoiding smoke or dust exposure, and maintaining a healthy, antioxidant-rich diet can help reduce inflammation and support lung health. With proper care and monitoring, many dogs can continue to enjoy a good quality of life for several years despite this chronic condition.