Shar-Pei Fever

Shar-Pei Fever 

Shar-Pei Fever, also known as Familial Shar-Pei Fever (FSF), is an inherited autoinflammatory disorder that primarily affects the Chinese Shar-Pei breed. This condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of high fever and painful swelling, most often in the hocks (ankle joints). The disease is caused by a genetic mutation that triggers abnormal inflammatory responses in the body. While fever episodes may subside within a day or two, repeated inflammation can eventually lead to serious complications such as amyloidosis, a buildup of protein in the organs — particularly the kidneys — leading to kidney failure over time.

Dogs affected by Shar-Pei Fever usually experience sudden, high fevers (up to 106°F / 41°C), accompanied by swollen joints, abdominal pain, shivering, loss of appetite, and lethargy. The episodes may last 12 to 36 hours and can occur sporadically throughout the dog’s life. In some cases, swelling may also appear around the muzzle, face, or limbs. Between episodes, the dog may appear completely normal, which sometimes delays diagnosis. Over time, repeated inflammatory events can damage internal organs if not properly managed.

The primary cause of Shar-Pei Fever is genetic, linked to a mutation in the HAS2 gene, which is involved in the production of hyaluronic acid — a substance responsible for the Shar-Pei’s distinctive wrinkled skin. Excessive hyaluronic acid may break down into inflammatory byproducts, causing recurrent fevers and tissue swelling. Environmental stress, infection, or vaccination can sometimes trigger or worsen an episode, but the underlying cause remains hereditary.

Dog Breeds Commonly Affected by Shar-Pei Fever

As the name suggests, this condition is almost exclusively seen in Shar-Peis and related crossbreeds:

• Chinese Shar-Pei (most common)
• Shar-Pei mixed breeds
• Crossbreeds with Shar-Pei lineage

Diagnosis of Shar-Pei Fever is based on clinical history, symptoms, and ruling out other causes of fever. Blood tests may show elevated white blood cell counts or inflammatory markers, while chronic cases may require urine and kidney function tests to detect early signs of amyloidosis. Although there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing secondary organ damage. Veterinarians often prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or colchicine, which can help prevent amyloid buildup and protect kidney function over time.

With consistent care and monitoring, dogs with Shar-Pei Fever can live long, comfortable lives. Early detection, regular veterinary checkups, and maintaining a low-stress lifestyle with proper hydration and nutrition are essential. Owners should also monitor for changes in urination, appetite, or swelling, as these may indicate complications. Responsible breeding practices are key to reducing the incidence of this hereditary condition in future generations.