Stenotic Nares

Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration (SARD)

Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration (SARD) is a serious and irreversible eye disorder in dogs that causes rapid and permanent blindness. The condition occurs when the retina — the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye — suddenly degenerates, leading to a complete loss of visual function. Unlike other eye diseases, SARD develops abruptly, often within a few days to weeks, and can affect otherwise healthy dogs. The exact cause is still unknown, but researchers believe it may be linked to autoimmune reactions, hormonal imbalances, or oxidative damage within the retina.

Dogs affected by SARD typically show sudden vision loss, often noticed when they bump into objects, hesitate in familiar environments, or struggle to navigate in low light. Some owners also observe increased thirst, frequent urination, weight gain, or lethargy, which may indicate a connection between SARD and endocrine disorders such as Cushing’s disease. The pupils of affected dogs often appear widely dilated and unresponsive to light, even though the eyes may look physically normal.

The underlying cause of SARD is still being studied, but evidence suggests it could be due to autoimmune destruction of retinal cells or metabolic disturbances affecting retinal function. It primarily affects middle-aged to older dogs, and there is no known cure or way to reverse the vision loss. Fortunately, SARD is not painful or contagious, and affected dogs can adapt remarkably well to blindness with proper support and environmental stability.

Dog Breeds Commonly Affected by Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration (SARD)

SARD can affect any breed, but it is most commonly reported in:

• Dachshunds
• Miniature Schnauzers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Beagles
• Bichon Frises
• Pugs
• Labrador Retrievers
• Shih Tzus
• West Highland White Terriers
• Mixed-breed small dogs

Diagnosis of SARD requires a thorough ophthalmic examination, including electroretinography (ERG), which measures the retina’s electrical activity. In SARD, the ERG shows no retinal response, confirming that the photoreceptor cells are no longer functioning. Blood tests are also commonly performed to check for hormonal imbalances or metabolic diseases that may be associated with the condition. While there is no treatment to restore vision, management focuses on helping the dog adapt to blindness and ensuring safety and comfort in daily life.

Dogs with SARD can still live happy, fulfilling lives with the right care and environmental adaptations. Keeping furniture in consistent places, using textured floor mats, and maintaining clear walking paths can help blind dogs navigate confidently. Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, and stress reduction can support overall health. With patient guidance and a stable environment, dogs affected by Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration adjust well and continue to enjoy quality companionship.